Abstract: Pantograph arc has become a potential hazard for the safe running of electric locomotives. It is essential to build an accurate mathematical model of pantograph arc for arc simulation.

Abstract: Arc melting pools are generated when the pantograph and catenary (PAC) are offline during the rise and fall of the pantograph. They can lead to the material damage, accelerated wear, ...

This is a concise Python 3 programming tutorial for people who think that reading is boring. I try to show everything with simple code examples; there are no long and complicated explanations with ...

The 1st edition was designed as an in-house tutorial booklet for high school students. Since its release on the Internet as a free e-book in 2004, public interest has fueled the book's development as ...

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