Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) was first introduced in 2014 by the International Olympic Committee’s expert writing panel, identifying a syndrome of deleterious health and performance ...

Critical assessment of evidence to help you make decisions. Advice, rather than formal NICE guidance.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease that causes air flow limitation (less air in and out of the airways) and breathing-related symptoms. There is no cure, but there ...

Background Despite exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) being both common and often fatal, accurate prognostication of patients hospitalised with an exacerbation is difficult.

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent chronic disease characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms. A focus of COPD interventional studies is directed ...

Bronchitis is a lung condition where the bronchi, or large airways in your lungs, become inflamed. This can cause severe coughing spells that bring up sputum (mucus or phlegm), wheezing, chest pain ...

Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine. End-stage COPD, or stage IV, is the last stage of COPD where breathing is very ...

Correspondence to Dr Andrew Tai, Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia; andrew.tai{at ...

1 National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation and GI Physiology Unit, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK Objective The ...

Background Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D) is particularly debilitating due to urgency and episodic incontinence. Some 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists (5-HT3RAs) ...