From mice to giraffes, mammals are remarkable in that all but a handful of their 5000 species have exactly seven vertebrae in the neck. Among the few that deviate from this number are three-toed ...

The vertebral column’s most important physiologic function is protecting the spinal cord, which is the main avenue for communication between the brain and the rest of the body. The spinal cord is ...

The post-translational addition of phosphate groups to serine, threonine and tyrosine residues is a fundamental strategy for regulating protein activities in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic protein kinases—the ...

According to a new study, 3D-printed spine models may support the work of spine surgeons, particularly in understanding ...

The spine (aka backbone) is a linked column of bones running from the head down to the lower back. Bone segments form the column. One bone segment is a vertebra, and multiple bone segments are ...

In Panderichthids (rhipidistian fish ancestors of amphibians), 2 sets of ossifications are present in the centra region. At posterior end, below the neural arch, are pleurocentra. This element gave ...

The brain (logic), heart (passion) and spine (courage) make up the anatomy of healthcare leadership in the 21st century, according to Dr. Robert Pearl, former CEO of the nation's largest physician ...